Medicare 101 — Learn the Basics
Everything you need to know about Medicare, explained in plain language. No jargon, no confusion.
The Parts of Medicare
Original Medicare is made up of different parts, each covering different services.
Part A (Hospital Insurance) helps cover inpatient care in hospitals, skilled nursing facility care, hospice care, and some home health care.
- Inpatient hospital stays
- Skilled nursing facility care (after a qualifying hospital stay)
- Hospice care
- Some home health care
Part B (Medical Insurance) helps cover services from doctors and other health care providers, outpatient care, home health care, durable medical equipment, and many preventive services.
- Doctor visits and specialist care
- Outpatient procedures and surgery
- Preventive screenings and vaccines
- Durable medical equipment (wheelchairs, walkers)
- Mental health services
Medicare Advantage (Part C) plans are offered by private insurers approved by Medicare. They bundle Part A and Part B coverage and usually include Part D drug coverage and extra benefits.
- All Part A and Part B benefits
- Usually prescription drug coverage (Part D)
- Often dental, vision, and hearing
- Fitness and wellness programs
- Transportation to medical appointments
Part D adds prescription drug coverage to Original Medicare. Plans are run by private insurers and each has its own formulary (list of covered drugs) and cost structure.
- Brand-name prescription drugs
- Generic prescription drugs
- Specialty medications (with prior authorization)
- Vaccines not covered by Part B
Medicare Supplement vs. Medicare Advantage
This is the most important distinction to understand before choosing a plan.
- Works alongside Original Medicare
- Any doctor or hospital that accepts Medicare
- Predictable, low out-of-pocket costs
- Does NOT include drug coverage — add Part D separately
- Coverage doesn't change year to year (premiums may increase)
- Generally higher monthly premiums
- Replaces Original Medicare with a private plan
- Network-based — may need referrals for specialists
- Often lower premiums, but more out-of-pocket costs when you use care
- Usually includes drug coverage (Part D)
- Often includes dental, vision, and hearing
- Plans and benefits change annually
Frequently Asked Questions
Helpful Resources
The official U.S. government site for Medicare — compare plans, check coverage, and find providers.
Enroll in Medicare through the Social Security Administration online or at your local office.
Free, unbiased Medicare counseling from trained volunteers in your state.
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